|
843
|
Kenneth
MacAlpin united the north of Scotland and became the country's
first true king |
|
1019
|
Malcolm
II brings Lothian and Strathclyde into a Scotland with the same
basic boundaries that it has today. |
|
1040
- 1057
|
Reign
of Macbeth |
|
1071
|
William
the Conqueror invades Scotland and compels Malcolm III to recognise
him as overlord. |
|
1138
|
David
I invades England but is defeated at Northallerton, Yorkshire |
|
1174
|
William
the Lyon captured by Henry II of England and surrenders Scottish
independence to him. |
|
1189
|
Richard
I of England sells Scottish independence back for cash for the
Third Crusade |
|
1237
|
Treaty
of York settles the border to run from the Tweed to the Solway
Firth |
|
1295
|
Scotland
and France sign a treaty - the "Auld Alliance" |
|
1296
|
Edward
1 invades Scotland |
|
1297
- 1305
|
William
Wallace leads a rebellion and guerilla warfare against the English |
|
1306
|
Robert
the Bruce crowned king but has to go into hiding immediately |
|
1314
|
Battle
of Bannockburn - English army routed by Bruce's army |
|
1328
|
Treaty
of Edinburgh : Robert the Bruce formally recognised as king
of an independent Scotland |
|
1329
|
Death
of Robert the Bruce |
|
1333
|
The
English capture Berwick |
|
1412
|
St.
Andrew's university founded |
|
1472
|
Orkney
and Shetland Isles acquired from Norway |
|
1482
|
Berwick
finally lost to the English |
|
1503
|
James
IV marries Margaret Tudor, daughter of Henry VII |
|
1513
|
James
IV invades England in support of his French allies; James and
most of the Scottish nobility and clergy are slaughtered at
the Battle of Flodden Field |
|
1542
|
James
V invades England but is defeated at Solway Moss and dies shortly
after |
|
1542
|
Mary
becomes Queen of Scots at the age of 1 week |
|
1559
|
John
Knox starts the Scottish Reformation |
|
1559
|
Mary
becomes Queen of France |
|
1560
|
Scotland
becomes a Protestant country |
|
1561
|
Mary
returns to Scotland on the death of her husband Francis II |
|
1565
|
Mary
marries her cousin, Henry Lord Darnley |
|
1566
|
Mary's
Italian secretary, David Rizzo, is murdered in front of her,
by Darnley and his friends |
|
1567
|
Darnley
is killed in an explosion in Edinburgh : Mary is implicated
but nothing proved |
|
1567
|
Mary
marries James Hepburn, Earl of Bothwell |
|
1567
|
Rebellion
by the Scottish Lords, Mary has to abdicate and flee to England
where she is imprisoned by Elizabeth 1 for over 18 years. |
|
1567
|
Mary's
infant son becomes King James VI |
|
1587
|
Mary
tried and executed at Fotheringay Castle for conspiracy |
|
1603
|
Elizabeth
I of England dies and James VI of Scotland, great-great grandson
of Henry VII and great-great nephew of Henry VIII, becomes King
James I of England, uniting the two countries for good. |
|
1715
|
First
Jacobite Rebellion : James Edward Stuart, "The Old Pretender"
- son of James II of England (who was deposed in 1688) returns
to Scotland from France and attempts (unsuccesfully) to claim
the English throne |
|
1745
|
Second
Jacobite Rebellion : Charles Edward Stuart, "The Young
Pretender" - son of James Edward Stuart, lands in Scotland
from France to raise an army and march into England to claim
the throne for his father. They get as far south as Derby before
being driven back across the Scottish border. |
|
1746
|
Jacobites
heavily outnumbered and defeated at the Battle of Culloden.
With a price on his head, Charles flees and eventually makes
his way back to France where he takes to drink |
|
1766
|
Death
of the Old Pretender. James Edward Stuart |
|
1788
|
Charles
Edward Stuart, once called "Bonnie Prince Charlie,"
dies in relative poverty in Rome, aged 68 |
|
1979
|
Referendum
held re. a devolved parliament for Scotland. Less than 33%
of the electorate vote "yes"
|
|
1997
|
After
another referendum, this time returning a 79% majority "yes"
vote, Scotland is promised a devolved parliament in Edinburgh
|
|
1999
|
Devolution
finally arrives, and Scotland has its own Parliament once more
but remains part of the United Kingdom |
